Essentials of Business Law and Labor Law | 14 June 2023

Essentials of Business Law and Labor Law is a digital initiative of Alburo Law to provide legal knowledge to entrepreneurs to help improve their productivity and profitability by ensuring that businesses comply with relevant laws, rules, and regulations.

Is a stock certificate a negotiable instrument?

In Philippine jurisprudence, a certificate of stock is not a negotiable instrument. “Although it is sometime regarded as quasi-negotiable, in the sense that it may be transferred by endorsement, coupled with delivery, it is well-settled that it is non-negotiable, because the holder thereof takes it without prejudice to such rights or defenses as the registered owners or transferor’s creditor may have under the law, except insofar as such rights or defenses are subject to the limitations imposed by the principles governing estoppel.

What is the rationale for allowing agency fees?

Employees of an appropriate bargaining unit who are not members of the recognized collective bargaining agent may be assessed a reasonable fee equivalent to the dues and other fees paid by members of the recognized collective bargaining agent, if such non-union members accept the benefits under the collective bargaining agreement.